Induction of Unresponsiveness to Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) after Autocrine TNF Expression Requires TNF Membrane Retention

Membrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces p100 processing via TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2).

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) elicits its biological activities by stimulation of two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, both belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. Whereas TNFR1-mediated signal transduction has been intensively studied and is understood in detail, especially with respect to activation of the classical NFkappaB pathway, cell death induction, and MAP kinase signaling, TNFR2-associate...

Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 induces apoptosis via reverse TNF signaling and autocrine transforming growth factor-beta1.

The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a central role in inflammatory disorders. Transmembrane TNF-alpha and its two receptors are cleaved by the proteinase TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), resulting in appreciable serum levels of soluble TNF-alpha and soluble TNF-alpha receptors (sTNFR1 and -2). The only known functions of sTNFR1 are to antagonize and bu...

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-a)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF, TNFSF2) is an important multifunctional cytokine that regulates inflammation, host defense, immune responses, and apoptosis. TNF exists as a membrane-bound 26kDa, type II integral membrane protein, and a 17kDa soluble homotrimeric TNF that is generated via proteolytic cleavage by TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE, ADAM17). Both the membrane-bound and soluble forms ...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can paradoxically increase on etanercept treatment, occasionally contributing to TNF-mediated disease.

Dual role of the p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in TNF cytotoxicity

Whereas there is ample evidence for involvement of the p55 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (p55-R) in the cytocidal effect of TNF, the role of the p75 TNF receptor (p75-R) in this effect is a matter of debate. In this study, we probed the function of p75-R in cells sensitive to the cytotoxicity of TNF using a wide panel of antibodies (Abs) against the receptor's extracellular domain. Two d...